Fulton County Courthouse-Common Pleas |
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An Owners Guide To Mural Conservation
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As July draws to a close, a time often marked by reflection on American heritage following the Fourth of July celebrations, we are spotlighting the Fulton County Courthouse project that included mural conservation as part of its scope.
Mural conservation not only preserves the beauty of cherished artwork’s but also honors their cultural, civic and historical significance for generations to come, showing our commitment to fine artwork preservation. The process of mural conservation and fine art restoration are intricately intertwined.
Like most projects, the work begins with a comprehensive assessment of the artworks condition & study of physical history of murals conducted by conservators. The assessments primarily determines the current condition and outline a plan or various options based on goals such as stabilization, aesthetics and longevity. The assessment is compiled into a report, which John Canning Co. then provides to the client with critical components to effectively put the results into action. This report offered pros and cons, limitations, and potential cost impacts.
Like many mural conservation projects, this process involves removing old varnish, reattaching the canvas to the plaster substrate, consolidating detached paint films, applying an isolating varnish, filling structural coating losses, in-painting damaged areas, and finishing with a final reversible conservation varnish.
Several of the murals were detached from the plaster substrate. Through the assessment, we determined the original canvas adhesive was a protein glue. There were air pockets between the canvas and plaster that required adhesion for this we used a syringe and injected an acrylic polymer consolidant which solidified the old adhesive and plaster. Once dry, we injected a heat-activated adhesive and applied pressure with a small heated flat iron.
To consolidate the flaking and detached paint, this also involved using a syringe to apply a heat-activated adhesive behind the lifted or detached paint, followed by using an iron to securely bond the paint back into place.
For the removal of the existing varnish, it is crucial for our conservators to comprehend the varnish medium on the artwork to ensure precise selection of a cleaning and removal solution specific to each mural, as well as, most appropriate tools and methodology through the process. Through solubility tests of the murals condition, we determined the mid-twentieth century varnish could be removed with a custom solvent gel that was customized for this particular varnish. This gel was applied using a cotton swab and left to dwell for a period, softening the varnish to the point where it could be easily wiped away. The area was then cleared with mineral spirits, which were also applied with a cotton swab to remove any remaining residue. This process uncovered the original colors and textures beneath, which were much more vibrant.
The initial step in this process involved applying an isolating varnish. This conservation varnish created a protective barrier between the original artwork and any repairs made by our conservators. Small craters were left behind by paint losses, which exposed the natural canvas. These craters were filled flush to the surrounding paint layer using conservation-grade fillers and small palette knives. Once the artwork was stable, any damage or losses could be infilled.
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In this photo, we are in-painting any losses found in the mural. |
| In this photo, we’re applying filler to address any craters or losses in the mural. |
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With the damaged areas properly filled and protected, the next crucial phase was in-painting. In-painting was a crucial aspect of the art conservation which involved restoring missing or damaged areas of a painting. Standard practice is to use reversible conservation paints that are UV stable, these paints are often mixed on palette to match colors precisely, so that the viewer can not discern from the conservators effort and the original work. The choice of materials and methods prioritized long-term preservation, enabling future conservators to undo or adjust repairs without compromising the integrity of the original work.
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To safeguard the restored artwork, we apply a protective, reversible conservation varnish that also inhibits UV damage and is non-yellowing. The varnish was applied with a HVLP sprayer at low pressure, resulting in a low egg-shell finish. This approach ensures high-quality production, reversibility, UV protection, and resistance to yellowing. By using this isolating varnish and reversible conservation paints, we aim to allow any future conservation efforts to be undertaken without damaging the original artwork. Since John Canning Co. are professional associates of the American Institute for the Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (AIC), we are guided by the principle “do no harm.” We advance that principle by providing treatments that are reversible.
We began this journey emphasizing the importance of accurately assessing the artwork's condition, and we conclude at the same point. Throughout the entire process, documentation has been ongoing. All the documentation collected during this process is compiled as an essential part of the project completion. To ensure that the artwork is taken care of properly, conservators need to record each step from the initial examination to the final treatment. Detailed notes, photos and sometimes scientific analyses are used to create a comprehensive record of the work. This is extremely valuable for future reference and essential for maintaining the painting.
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These photographs show the mural before and after its conservation at the Fulton County Courthouse. |
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Latest Articles & Announcements |
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| Historic Stone Analysis: Uncover History |
Stone conservation has advanced significantly in recent decades, moving away from outdated methods that compromised long-term stability. Modern techniques emphasize understanding the stone's composition and the causes of damage to develop effective, sustainable repair strategies. A Historic Stone Analysis combines onsite testing, laboratory work, and research to assess damage, recommend repairs, and inform project budgets and timelines. This thorough approach ensures conservation efforts align with best practices and serves as valuable documentation for future reference.
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| Historic Building Research Guide: 4 Tips |
Discover the allure of historic restoration in our latest blog article, where we uncover the intricate art and science behind preserving architectural gems. Delve into the meticulous process of compiling building profiles, unraveling construction dates, architectural styles, and uncovering hidden artistic treasures. Explore how detailed assessments of plaster, historic paint, and fine art provide profound insights into a building’s past and guide restoration efforts. Whether you're passionate about history, architecture, or the meticulous craft of conservation, this article offers a compelling glimpse into the transformative journey of preserving our cultural heritage.
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Explore the recent restoration of Michigan's state capital video, where our contribution plays a vital role. In this video, we're proud to showcase our involvement alongside experts from various fields, collaborating to preserve and enhance this iconic landmark. Michigan State Capitol Commission put together the video to highlight the world class team they assembled for the Rotunda restoration.
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We are pleased to announce our sponsorship of the upcoming Traditional Building Conference, scheduled for October 23-24th at the Trustees Garden, Charles H. Morris Center, Savannah, GA. This premier event features AIA registered courses by industry experts and practitioners to deliver focused, relevant education and training for architects, contractors, craftspeople, designers, building owners, and facilities managers. David Riccio, president and one of the principals of Canning, will be presenting an AIA course on October 24th on the topic of historic plaster conservation, restoration and preservation.
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The LHAT National Conference was held in person July 7-10th in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was wonderful to see everyone, and a big thank you to those who took the time to visit us at our booth during the Expo. We were happy to sponser this great event again that offers professional development sessions, theatre tours, networking opportunities and a Service Providers Expo. David Riccio enjoyed sharing his expertise and knowledge during one of the panel presentations discussing historic plaster. LHAT is a non-profit organization with the main purpose of sustaining historic theatres across North America for the benefit of their communities and future generations.
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In the article A More Flexible Approach to Historic Building Exteriors it talks about how throughout history, the preservation of our cultural heritage has relied on the enduring structures that bear witness to our collective past. Before modern technology and photography, these historic buildings served as shared experiences and memories. Today, as these architectural treasures face the challenges of time and changing environmental conditions, the task of maintaining their authenticity becomes increasingly complex. Recent updates to federal preservation guidelines, reflect a more flexible approach to conservation, acknowledging the need for innovative materials to ensure the continued integrity of historic structures.
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Interested in Seeing More of Our Work? Follow Us on TikTok! |
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Mural conservation for this project consists of varnish removal, conservation cleaning, inpainting at areas of loss and varnishing with a clear, protective coating. |
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We understand the importance in sharing our expertise and knowledge in our field. Besides the monthly newsletter and blogs we post, we also develop and share downloadable resources to help guide you in your conservation, preservation and restoration projects. Check out the Resources page and see if any of the resources can help answer some of your questions and provide a better understanding of some of the intricacies in the preservation field.
Check out our Featured Downloadable Resource below. |
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Paint investigations and analyses play a crucial role in historic restoration by uncovering layers of paint, wallpapers, and decorative designs that provide insights into the building's evolution and cultural context. Beyond enhancing the aesthetic restoration, these studies illuminate socioeconomic conditions, intentional symbolism, and the craftsmanship of past eras. Understanding this history informs decisions in both restoration and new design, guiding the selection of materials, color schemes, and preservation techniques. It also aids in identifying qualified conservators and consultants capable of interpreting and safeguarding these historical elements effectively. By integrating the findings from paint investigations, restoration projects can authentically preserve and celebrate the cultural heritage embedded in these architectural treasures.
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The Association for Preservation Technology (APT) is the premier cross-disciplinary organization dedicated to promoting the best technology for conserving historic structure and their settings.
APTI 2024
November 12-16, Montreal, Quebec |
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As a national nonprofit preservation organization, the National Trust for Historic Preservation works to save America's historic places and is a great resource for anyone looking to learn more or get involved. | | | The American Institute for Conservation and the Foundation for Advancement in Conservation work together to promote the preservation and protection of cultural heritage. Partner with us to further that mission. |
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